Acknowledgements
We thank the International Mathematical Olympiad organization for their support.
Thang Luong led the overall technical direction of the advanced Gemini model with Deep Think for IMO and co-led with Edward Lockhart on the overall coordination of the IMO 2025 effort.
The IMO 2025 system would not have been possible without the following technical leads. Dawsen Hwang, Junehyuk Jung co-led training data and expert evaluation. Jonathan Lee, Nate Kushman, Pol Moreno, Yi Tay co-led the training of the advanced Gemini Deep Think model while Lei Yu led model evaluation. Golnaz Ghiazi, Garrett Bingham, Lalit Jain co-led Deep Think inference while Dawsen Hwang, Vincent Cohen-Addad co-led an enhanced inference approach.
The IMO 2025 system was also developed with key contributions from Theophane Weber, Ankesh Anand for modeling; Vinay Ramasesh, Andreas Kirsch, Jieming Mao, Zicheng Xu, Wilfried Bounsi, Vahab Mirrokni for inference; Hoang Nguyen, Fred Zhang, Mahan Malihi, Yangsibo Huang for training data.
We thank contributions from related teams and efforts. AlphaGeometry team with Yuri Chervonyi (lead), Trieu Trinh, Hoang Nguyen, Junsu Kim, Mirek Olšák, Marcelo Menegali, Xiaomeng Yang. Miklós Z. Horváth, Aja Huang, Goran Žužić for formal mathematics. We thank Fabian Pedregosa, Richard Song, Alex Zhai, Sara Javanmardi, YaGuang Li, Filipe Miguel de Almeida, Silvio Lattanzi, Ashkan Norouzi Fard, Tal Schuster, Honglu Fan, Xuezhi Wang, Aditi Mavalankar, Tom Schaul, Rosemary Ke for support and collaboration.
We especially thank other core members of the Deep Think team (Archit Sharma, Tong He, Shubha Raghvendra), the post-training effort (Tianhe Kevin Yu, Siamak Shakeri, Hanzhao Lin, Cosmo Du, Sid Lall), and Thinking Area research that the IMO 2025 system were built on.
This effort was advised by Quoc Le and Pushmeet Kohli, with program support from Kristen Chiafullo and Alex Goldin.
We’d also like to thank our experts for providing data and evaluations: Insuk Seo (lead), Jiwon Kang, Donghyun Kim, Junsu Kim, Jimin Kim, Seongbin Jeon, Yoonho Na, Seunghwan Lee, Jihoo Lee, Younghun Jo, Yongsuk Hur, Seongjae Park, Kyuhyeon Choi, Minkyu Choi, Su-Hyeok Moon, Seojin Kim, Yueun Lee, Taehun Kim, Jeeho Ryu, Seungwoo Lee, Dain Kim, Sanha Lee, Hyunwoo Choi, Aiden Jung, Youngbeom Jin, Jeonghyun Ahn, Junhwi Bae, Gyumin Kim, Nam Dung Tran, Cheng-Chiang Tsai, Kari Ragnarsson, Kiat Chuan Tan, Yahya Tabesh, Hamed Mahdavi, Azin Nazari, Xiangzhuo Ding, Chu-Lan Kao, Steven Creech, Tony Feng, Ciprian Manolescu.
Further thanks to Jessica Lo and Sajjad Zafar for their support for compute provision and management; Jane Labanowski, Andy Forbes, Sean Nakamoto for legal and logistics; and Omer Levy, Timothy Lillicrap, Jack Rae, Yifeng Lu, Heng-tze Cheng, Ed Chi, Vahab Mirrokni, Tulsee Doshi, Madhavi Sewak, Melvin Johnson, Koray Kavukcuoglu, Oriol Vinyals, Jeff Dean, Demis Hassabis, and Sergey Brin for their support and advice.
Finally, we thank Prof Gregor Dolinar from the IMO Board for the support and endorsement.
The IMO have confirmed that our submitted answers are complete and correct solutions. It is important to note that their review does not extend to validating our system, processes, or underlying model (see more).
