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car stops suddenly. Worryingly, there is no stop sign in sight. The engineers can only make guesses as to why the car’s neural network became

across variables can be a challenging but important step for strategic actions. I will summarize the concepts of causal models in terms of Bayesian probabilistic models, followed by a hands-on

Generative AI is no longer confined to research labs or experimental design tools. These models, capable of producing content, simulating scenarios, and analyzing patterns with

This blog is a deep dive into regularisation techniques, intended to give you simple intuitions, mathematical foundations, and implementation details. The goal is to bridge

Altman recently shared a concrete figure for the energy and water consumption of ChatGPT queries. According to his blog post, each query to ChatGPT consumes

Part I: for Thought Every so often a simple idea rewires everything. The shipping container didn’t just optimise logistics; it flattened the globe, collapsed time

of every data-driven application, product, or dashboard lies one critical component: the database. These systems have long been the foundation for storing, managing, and querying

in my first ML competition and honestly, I’m still a bit shocked. I’ve worked as a data scientist in FinTech for six years. When I

Image by Author | ChatGPT   Introduction  If you’ve ever watched Pandas struggle with a large CSV file or waited minutes for a groupby operation